Pakistan is the second largest country in South Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea on the south, Gulf of Oman in the southwest, India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. Pakistan has a diverse geography and climate leading to a rich biodiversity. The climate produces four seasons: cool/dry winters, hot/dry springs, rainy summers, and monsoon periods.
The country is extremely vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters due to rising temperatures, floods, and extreme weather events.